Maarten P. Bebelman, Martine J. Smit, Michiel Pegtel, S. Rubina Bagliof Exosomes are a group of vesicles created within endosomal chambers. Exosomes play a regulatory role in cell to cell communication. Exosomes can contribute to the progression of cancer by facilitating a link between stromal cells and tumors. Exosomes provide the hub network that connects…
DetailsC.K.F. Chan et al., “Identification of the human skeletal stem cell,” Cell, doi:10.1016/ j.cell.2018.07.029, 2018. Skeletal stem cells in humans, the bone marrow support cells, have been discovered. Researchers determined that these stem cells are self replicating and multipotent. Nonhematopoietic cells were taken from a human fetal femur and separated from blood precursors. The non…
DetailsHarvard University John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Bone marrow transplants utilizing hematopoietic stem cells are currently being used as an effective treatment to combat life threatening cancers and infections. A transfusion of blood stem cells from a matched donor is injected into the patient to “reset the blood and immune system.”…
DetailsAngela S. Mao, David J. Mooney Regenerative medicine is a medical practice focused on repairing tissue damage, replacing tissue and organs, and helping diminish the effects of congenital disorders. A major complication in organ transplantation, immune rejection, may be avoided entirely with the implementation of certain regenerative techniques for repairing damaged tissue. There are numerous…
DetailsRaghu Kalluri Exosomes have been shown to have a role in tumorigenesis through the regulation of angiogenesis, the immune response, and metastasis. What are the Functions of Exosomes? There is still not a clear definitive answer as to exosomes functions within the cell. Previous theories have suggested that exosomes are created to remove excessive or…
DetailsJesse K. Biehl, Brenda Russel Stem cells are a unique cell in their ability to not only replicate themselves but to specialize into specific cell types. There are two types of stem cells; pluripotent and multipotent. Pluripotent stem cells can specialize into any cell type within the body. Multipotent stem cells are more limited in…
DetailsPin Li, Melisa Kaslan, Sze Han Lee, Justin Yao, and Zhiqiang Gao Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are predominately involved in cell to cell communication, along with a wide range of other biological processes not greatly understood. Evidence suggests that the genetic material within exosomes can play a major role in the development of…
DetailsYe Xiong, Asim Mahmood, Micheal Chopp Recent evidence has suggested that traumatic brain injuries can be treated effectively using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Treatment does not completely reverse the damage caused by a traumatic brain injury but has been shown to have a significant therapeutic effect. An important factor in utilizing MSCs for brain injuries…
DetailsShan Liu, Jingli Zhou, Xuan Zhang, Yang Liu, Jin Chen, Bo Hu, Jinlin Song, and Yuanyuan Zhang The goal of stem cell therapy is to regenerate damaged cells with healthy vital cells. A major issue seen in stem cell therapy occurs when the cells are being transferred from culture into the new host. Upon leaving…
DetailsStem Cell Trial Offers Hope Over Osteoarthritis Treatment Osteoarthritis is a degenerative join disease that effects thousands of people throughout the world. It occurs when flexible tissue at the end of bones begin to wear down causing a lack of cartilage and pain. In Edinburgh scientists are currently going through trials to test the levels…
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